1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:04,000 A gravestone at the heart of a macabre mystery. 2 00:00:04,000 --> 00:00:08,000 The people were convinced that she was a vampire. 3 00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:13,000 A glittering statue that hides unspeakable horrors. 4 00:00:13,000 --> 00:00:17,000 He designed this building for disposing of human bodies. 5 00:00:17,000 --> 00:00:22,000 And a playhouse that witnessed the most infamous murder in American history. 6 00:00:22,000 --> 00:00:28,000 He said, I'm really John Wilkes Booth, assassin, President Lincoln. 7 00:00:28,000 --> 00:00:33,000 Sometimes the greatest secrets lie in plain sight. 8 00:00:33,000 --> 00:00:36,000 These are monumental mysteries. 9 00:00:44,000 --> 00:00:47,000 In the thick woods of Exeter Road Island, 10 00:00:47,000 --> 00:00:52,000 a rural hamlet traversed by pristine streams and ancient stone walls 11 00:00:52,000 --> 00:00:57,000 lies the pure white facade of Chestnut Hill Baptist Church, 12 00:00:57,000 --> 00:01:03,000 where the faithful gather every Sunday as they have for nearly 180 years. 13 00:01:04,000 --> 00:01:12,000 But adjoining this historic house of God is a cemetery that's reputed to be unholy. 14 00:01:12,000 --> 00:01:19,000 Here, amongst the tombstones, stands one memorial that harbors a sinister secret. 15 00:01:19,000 --> 00:01:26,000 It's a very simple headstone about three feet high and a very simple inscription. 16 00:01:26,000 --> 00:01:29,000 As author Sarah L. Thompson knows, 17 00:01:29,000 --> 00:01:36,000 this tombstone marks the final resting place of a woman whose legacy arose from this very grave. 18 00:01:37,000 --> 00:01:43,000 She was at the center of an extraordinary and rather macabre chain of events 19 00:01:43,000 --> 00:01:48,000 that have captured the imaginations of people at the time in 400 years since. 20 00:01:49,000 --> 00:01:51,000 So who was this young woman? 21 00:01:51,000 --> 00:01:58,000 And what role did she play in an episode so blood-curdling that it haunts the town to this day? 22 00:02:03,000 --> 00:02:06,000 The early 1890s, Exeter Road Island. 23 00:02:07,000 --> 00:02:12,000 19-year-old Mercy Brown and her brother Edwin are living with their widowed father George 24 00:02:12,000 --> 00:02:16,000 in a lonely farmhouse in this quiet corner of New England. 25 00:02:17,000 --> 00:02:23,000 But in the winter of 1891, Mercy falls desperately ill. 26 00:02:23,000 --> 00:02:29,000 Mercy Brown became ill with tuberculosis and her illness took her very quickly. 27 00:02:29,000 --> 00:02:35,000 Racked by fever and coughing up blood, Mercy feels the life flowing out of her. 28 00:02:36,000 --> 00:02:40,000 She wasted away and was dead within a matter of months. 29 00:02:40,000 --> 00:02:46,000 Her body was taken to the cemetery and placed in the crypt there since it was too cold to dig a grave. 30 00:02:47,000 --> 00:02:53,000 But Mercy's death is only the latest in a series of hammer blows to befall her grief-stricken parent. 31 00:02:55,000 --> 00:02:59,000 Tuberculosis has laid waste to the Brown family. 32 00:02:59,000 --> 00:03:03,000 For George Brown, this must have been a tragedy. 33 00:03:03,000 --> 00:03:09,000 He watched his wife die, his older daughter, and then he watched his younger daughter die. 34 00:03:11,000 --> 00:03:15,000 But life for George Brown is about to get even worse. 35 00:03:16,000 --> 00:03:24,000 In February of the same year, his last remaining child, Edwin Brown, falls prey to the insidious disease. 36 00:03:28,000 --> 00:03:35,000 I think the whole town of Exeter was beginning to be a little desperate to explain why this one family was suffering like this. 37 00:03:36,000 --> 00:03:39,000 It must have seemed to them and to their community as if they were under a curse. 38 00:03:41,000 --> 00:03:49,000 And the desperate people of the village have their own ideas on how to rid the Brown family of the ill fortune that plagues them. 39 00:03:50,000 --> 00:03:58,000 They thought that what needed to be done was that someone needed to go to the graveyard where Edwin's sisters and his mother were buried and dig up those bodies. 40 00:03:59,000 --> 00:04:08,000 In fact, they believe that one of the deceased members of the Brown family is not dead at all, but is actually a vampire. 41 00:04:11,000 --> 00:04:18,000 They wouldn't have believed that a person was getting out of her grave, wandering around, biting people at night. 42 00:04:18,000 --> 00:04:22,000 That wasn't actually part of the tradition as it existed here in New England. 43 00:04:22,000 --> 00:04:32,000 Instead, they think that vampires keep their own hearts alive by draining blood out of their victims remotely without ever leaving their coffins. 44 00:04:33,000 --> 00:04:42,000 The people of Exeter simply believed that the heart was staying alive by drawing the life out of Edwin, and that the only way to stop this from happening would be to take the heart and burn it. 45 00:04:43,000 --> 00:04:56,000 Convinced that burning the heart is the only hope of vanquishing the vampire and saving his son, George Brown reluctantly consents to having the bodies of his wife and daughters exhumed. 46 00:04:56,000 --> 00:05:05,000 In March, three months after Mercy had died, four men from the town dug up the bodies of her mother and her older sister, Mary. 47 00:05:05,000 --> 00:05:10,000 They were examined. The process of decomposition seemed to be normal in their case. 48 00:05:12,000 --> 00:05:18,000 But when it comes to Mercy Brown, the villagers encountered something altogether different. 49 00:05:20,000 --> 00:05:25,000 When her coffin was opened, her body had been found to have turned over, to have turned face down. 50 00:05:26,000 --> 00:05:32,000 It is actually a piece of folklore that a body that moves or turns over in the grave is a sign of a vampire. 51 00:05:33,000 --> 00:05:41,000 But even more disturbing is the pristine condition of her corpse. The skin and features are remarkably intact. 52 00:05:41,000 --> 00:05:48,000 And these are not the only signs that Mercy Brown may indeed be undead. 53 00:05:48,000 --> 00:05:52,000 The doctor performed an autopsy on her and found blood in her heart. 54 00:05:52,000 --> 00:05:58,000 The people of Exeter were convinced by the presence of that blood that she was a vampire. 55 00:06:00,000 --> 00:06:10,000 The villagers then performed a bizarre and sinister ritual that they believed will vanquish the vampire and save the life of Edwin Brown. 56 00:06:10,000 --> 00:06:14,000 They take Mercy's heart and burn it. 57 00:06:15,000 --> 00:06:19,000 The ashes of the heart were taken from the site where they'd been burned. 58 00:06:19,000 --> 00:06:24,000 And they were actually given to Edwin to drink. This was supposed to cure him. 59 00:06:25,000 --> 00:06:33,000 Despite swallowing the dreadful concoction, Edwin Brown fails to recover his health and the young man dies a short time later. 60 00:06:37,000 --> 00:06:39,000 But the story doesn't end there. 61 00:06:40,000 --> 00:06:48,000 The bizarre case of Mercy Brown is widely reported in newspapers across the U.S. and even in Europe. 62 00:06:48,000 --> 00:06:53,000 There it is picked up by an Irish author named Bram Stoker. 63 00:06:53,000 --> 00:06:59,000 A year later, he publishes The Ultimate Tale of the Undead. Dracula. 64 00:07:00,000 --> 00:07:07,000 Among Bram Stoker's papers there's a clipping of a story about Mercy Brown and her exclamation. 65 00:07:08,000 --> 00:07:14,000 The character of Lucy in Dracula starts out as a healthy, fresh, young girl. 66 00:07:14,000 --> 00:07:20,000 And then she mysteriously starts to waste away. Just in fact, as Mercy did. 67 00:07:21,000 --> 00:07:28,000 And in the late 1800s, Mercy Brown isn't the only person in America to be accused of vampirism. 68 00:07:29,000 --> 00:07:36,000 With tuberculosis ravaging New England, reports document as many as 80 similar cases of exhumations. 69 00:07:38,000 --> 00:07:44,000 Today, a simpler explanation is offered for the strange state of Mercy's remains. 70 00:07:45,000 --> 00:07:51,000 Her body may have been jostled when it was taken in and out of the crypt, causing it to turn over in the coffin. 71 00:07:52,000 --> 00:08:00,000 And there is also a rational reason to account for the pristine condition of her body and the preserved blood found in her heart. 72 00:08:00,000 --> 00:08:09,000 Mercy's body had been kept in this crypt for three months. She had not been dead for very long and she'd been essentially frozen. 73 00:08:10,000 --> 00:08:21,000 Today in this quiet Rhode Island graveyard, the tombstone of Mercy Brown stands as a memorial to the suffering that one family endured. 74 00:08:21,000 --> 00:08:26,000 And the epic work of literature that her macabre tale inspired. 75 00:08:31,000 --> 00:08:46,000 New York City. With more national historic landmarks than any other U.S. metropolis, the Big Apple can rightfully boast a rich architectural heritage. 76 00:08:47,000 --> 00:09:01,000 But a select few of New York's icons stand apart from the rest. The Brooklyn Bridge. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. The Statue of Liberty. And Grants Tomb. 77 00:09:02,000 --> 00:09:11,000 This diverse set of landmarks all share the dubious honor of a bizarre connection, which has long fascinated museum curator Sarah Henry. 78 00:09:12,000 --> 00:09:20,000 It's intriguing that all of these monuments are linked together by one of the greatest scams in history. 79 00:09:21,000 --> 00:09:26,000 What part did these icons play in one of the country's most notorious swindles? 80 00:09:27,000 --> 00:09:42,000 1883. New York City is a boom town like no other. With a population of 1.3 million, every day hundreds more immigrants are pouring in. 81 00:09:44,000 --> 00:09:53,000 Among them is 22-year-old George C. Parker, a man looking for his own slice of the American dream, albeit illicitly. 82 00:09:54,000 --> 00:10:01,000 He was one of those small time but very prolific con guys who were out there on the make. 83 00:10:02,000 --> 00:10:12,000 One day, Parker is watching a crowd of people making their way across the newly opened Brooklyn Bridge, when an idea for a daring new swindle hits him. 84 00:10:13,000 --> 00:10:21,000 As the story goes, Parker approaches an unsuspecting immigrant and introduces himself as the owner of the bridge. 85 00:10:22,000 --> 00:10:35,000 Parker tells his mark that he is planning to install a toll gate to charge people a penny to cross the bridge and is looking for investors in the scheme, in effect, selling them a share of the bridge itself. 86 00:10:36,000 --> 00:10:44,000 And the very implausibility of selling something as large as the Brooklyn Bridge, you could imagine someone would think it would have to be true. 87 00:10:45,000 --> 00:10:57,000 Producing impressively forged deeds and supporting documents, Parker runs the same scam over and over again, selling shares of the bridge on average twice a week. 88 00:10:58,000 --> 00:11:00,000 But his scheming doesn't stop there. 89 00:11:01,000 --> 00:11:14,000 Over the next several decades, Parker runs similar scams on other notable landmarks, from the Statue of Liberty, to the old Madison Square Garden, and even the Metropolitan Museum of Art. 90 00:11:16,000 --> 00:11:27,000 Although authorities are on to him, they only manage to convict Parker on a few minor felonies like check forgery, due to a lack of evidence for his most outlandish crimes. 91 00:11:30,000 --> 00:11:42,000 Growing increasingly daring in 1928, Parker, now 58 years old, embarks on his most scandalous con yet, at the much revered Grant's Tomb. 92 00:11:43,000 --> 00:11:50,000 You have to remember how important a landmark this was in New York at the time. Grant was a real national hero. 93 00:11:51,000 --> 00:12:04,000 Impersonating the grandson of deceased President Ulysses S. Grant, Parker explains that he cannot afford the necessary repairs to the mausoleum and is forced to sell the monument. 94 00:12:05,000 --> 00:12:15,000 And it seems Parker's elaborate charade works. The wealthy marks are seduced by his charisma and agree to buy the mausoleum. 95 00:12:16,000 --> 00:12:28,000 So with more and more citizens falling victim to Parker's cons and the authorities unable to instare him, will this elusive schemer ever be caught? 96 00:12:28,000 --> 00:12:43,000 It's 1928. Con artist George Parker has made a career out of swindling New Yorkers, but his latest scam is also his most perverse. 97 00:12:44,000 --> 00:12:53,000 As the story goes, he pretends to be the grandson of dead President Ulysses S. Grant and tricks people into buying Grant's Tomb. 98 00:12:53,000 --> 00:13:01,000 So far, authorities have been unable to nab this notorious schemer, but Parker is about to make a surprising slip up. 99 00:13:03,000 --> 00:13:13,000 On December 17, George Parker is at a Brooklyn restaurant when he decides to run one of his more mundane swindles, cashing forged checks. 100 00:13:14,000 --> 00:13:21,000 It was a check in the amount of $150, which was a good sum of money in 1928, so it wasn't pocket change. 101 00:13:21,000 --> 00:13:27,000 But when the owner becomes suspicious and calls the police, Parker is arrested. 102 00:13:28,000 --> 00:13:33,000 While it's not the first time he's been caught for such an offense, this time it's different. 103 00:13:34,000 --> 00:13:43,000 A new statute named Bombs Law had been recently passed that condemns criminals found guilty of four offenses to a mandatory life sentence. 104 00:13:44,000 --> 00:13:47,000 It was a four strikes in your out kind of situation. 105 00:13:47,000 --> 00:13:54,000 So ironically, it's the smallest of slip ups that finally shuts down this reckless swindler for good. 106 00:13:55,000 --> 00:14:04,000 Convicted for life, Parker spends the remainder of his days at the notorious Sing Sing Prison, but his legacy lives on. 107 00:14:05,000 --> 00:14:13,000 You know, this great phrase from popular culture, like if you believe that, I've got a bridge in Brooklyn and I'll sell you, has entered the popular culture so firmly. 108 00:14:13,000 --> 00:14:26,000 Today, the iconic landmarks caught up in Parker's unbelievable schemes stand as reminders of perhaps the most notorious con artist New York City has ever seen. 109 00:14:30,000 --> 00:14:32,000 San Francisco Bay, California. 110 00:14:33,000 --> 00:14:41,000 This shallow estuary is almost entirely enclosed by terrain and is considered the world's largest landlocked harbor. 111 00:14:42,000 --> 00:14:48,000 And about a mile and a half offshore on the north side of the city stands an ominous landmark. 112 00:14:49,000 --> 00:14:55,000 We're on a 22-acre rock out in the middle of the San Francisco Bay surrounded by ice cold water and fast moving currents. 113 00:14:57,000 --> 00:14:59,000 This is Alcatraz. 114 00:15:00,000 --> 00:15:08,000 From its inception, the nation's first maximum security federal penitentiary staked its reputation on being inescapable. 115 00:15:10,000 --> 00:15:18,000 Indeed, over the three decades the rock was open, only a handful of brave souls dared even try to break out. 116 00:15:19,000 --> 00:15:26,000 Many people are familiar with the escape attempt of 1962 that Clint Eastwood made famous with his movie Escape from Alcatraz. 117 00:15:26,000 --> 00:15:31,000 But a lesser known escape attempt that happened early on was just as dangerous. 118 00:15:33,000 --> 00:15:37,000 So what happened during the greatest prison break you've never heard of? 119 00:15:40,000 --> 00:15:43,000 1935, Alcatraz Island. 120 00:15:45,000 --> 00:15:50,000 Two convicts arrive at the prison, both serving sentences tantamount to life. 121 00:15:51,000 --> 00:15:54,000 Their names Ralph Rowe and Theodore Cole. 122 00:15:56,000 --> 00:16:00,000 Ted Cole was in for kidnapping and Ralph Rowe was in for bank robbery. 123 00:16:01,000 --> 00:16:03,000 But these are no ordinary inmates. 124 00:16:04,000 --> 00:16:10,000 Rowe and Cole are notorious escape artists, having broken out of countless other penitentiaries. 125 00:16:11,000 --> 00:16:16,000 This was the last stop in the federal system. If you try to escape they'd send you to Alcatraz. 126 00:16:17,000 --> 00:16:25,000 In spite of the rock's formidable reputation, Rowe and Cole immediately begin probing the system for a sign of weakness. 127 00:16:26,000 --> 00:16:30,000 Within just a few months of their arrival, they formulate a plan. 128 00:16:31,000 --> 00:16:34,000 December 16, 1937. 129 00:16:35,000 --> 00:16:41,000 Alcatraz Island is shrouded in an almost impenetrable cloud of dense fog. 130 00:16:42,000 --> 00:16:44,000 You couldn't even see your hand in front of your face. 131 00:16:45,000 --> 00:16:51,000 At 1 p.m. guards conduct one of their 12 daily headcounts in one of the inmate work facilities. 132 00:16:52,000 --> 00:16:56,000 At that time, all prisoners are present and accounted for. 133 00:16:58,000 --> 00:17:03,000 But when the guards take roll call just 30 minutes later, they come up two men short. 134 00:17:05,000 --> 00:17:08,000 Missing are Ted Cole and Ralph Rowe. 135 00:17:11,000 --> 00:17:14,000 Panicked, guards make a thorough sweep of the island. 136 00:17:16,000 --> 00:17:20,000 The Alcatraz alarm was sounded and correctional officers scoured the island. 137 00:17:21,000 --> 00:17:28,000 The Coast Guard local police San Francisco was alerted that be on the lookout for two convicts missing from Alcatraz Island. 138 00:17:31,000 --> 00:17:35,000 But despite the exhaustive search, the men cannot be found. 139 00:17:36,000 --> 00:17:39,000 Somehow, these cunning convicts have done the impossible. 140 00:17:40,000 --> 00:17:42,000 Escaped from Alcatraz. 141 00:17:43,000 --> 00:17:45,000 So how do they do it? 142 00:17:46,000 --> 00:17:53,000 Investigators find their first clue in a window of the prison shop where Rowe and Cole were first discovered missing. 143 00:17:54,000 --> 00:17:59,000 They find the broken glass, the bent window frame and the bars spread. 144 00:18:00,000 --> 00:18:03,000 And it was obvious that this was their route to break out of the building. 145 00:18:04,000 --> 00:18:11,000 They conclude that the two convicts used a blade to chisel away at the bars on the window while the guards weren't looking. 146 00:18:12,000 --> 00:18:17,000 They disguised the cut marks of the bars by putting motor oil and shoe polish in the cracks. 147 00:18:18,000 --> 00:18:20,000 And these guys were just waiting for the right moment. 148 00:18:22,000 --> 00:18:31,000 And it's thought that when the heavy fog moved into Alcatraz Island on December 16, Rowe and Cole got just the opportunity they were looking for. 149 00:18:33,000 --> 00:18:38,000 After pushing open the bars, they had cut through in the window. They made a break for it. 150 00:18:39,000 --> 00:18:46,000 Once they were outside the building, they came across a gate. They broke the lock off the gate, knocked that through. 151 00:18:47,000 --> 00:18:54,000 Once through the gate, Rowe and Cole scrambled down a steep cliff where they faced their biggest obstacle yet. 152 00:18:55,000 --> 00:18:58,000 The treacherous waters of San Francisco Bay. 153 00:18:59,000 --> 00:19:04,000 The water's cold and it's fast-moving water. It can move like a river, 6-7 knots. 154 00:19:04,000 --> 00:19:08,000 And if you're in that wrong current, it can take you out to the Pacific Ocean. 155 00:19:09,000 --> 00:19:12,000 No one could endure these frigid temperatures for long. 156 00:19:13,000 --> 00:19:19,000 And after an exhaustive manhunt, authorities conclude that Rowe and Cole have most likely drowned. 157 00:19:20,000 --> 00:19:22,000 But not everyone is so sure. 158 00:19:23,000 --> 00:19:27,000 A piece of evidence is about to be revealed that will blow the case wide open. 159 00:19:28,000 --> 00:19:30,000 It's 1937. Alcatraz. 160 00:19:31,000 --> 00:19:35,000 Two inmates, Rowe and Cole, have done the unthinkable. They've escaped the world's most notorious jail. 161 00:19:36,000 --> 00:19:43,000 Now, prison officials claim that while the men may have gotten off the island, they could never have survived the icy waters of San Francisco Bay. 162 00:19:44,000 --> 00:19:46,000 But are the authorities right? 163 00:19:48,000 --> 00:19:53,000 In July, 1937, Rowe and Cole were killed in a car crash. 164 00:19:53,000 --> 00:19:55,000 The authorities right. 165 00:19:56,000 --> 00:20:06,000 In July, 1938, seven months after the two men made their bid for freedom, one of Rowe and Cole's fellow inmates at Alcatraz receives a letter. 166 00:20:07,000 --> 00:20:14,000 When he opens it, he finds a cryptic message that simply says, business was good in July. 167 00:20:15,000 --> 00:20:19,000 It may seem innocuous, but to this inmate, it has a very particular meaning. 168 00:20:19,000 --> 00:20:22,000 The inmate had been privy to Rowe and Cole's scheme. 169 00:20:23,000 --> 00:20:29,000 And before they escaped, the pair had promised they would send him this coded message if they had survived. 170 00:20:30,000 --> 00:20:35,000 And this isn't the only evidence to suggest that the two escapees made it. 171 00:20:36,000 --> 00:20:43,000 Three years later, the San Francisco Chronicle reports that the two outlaws were spotted alive and well in South America. 172 00:20:44,000 --> 00:20:49,000 Whether or not they truly survived, we may never know. But one thing is certain. 173 00:20:50,000 --> 00:20:54,000 Rowe and Cole are the first guys to officially make it off of Alcatraz. 174 00:20:55,000 --> 00:20:59,000 You got to give it to them. They did break the system and get into that San Francisco Bay. 175 00:21:00,000 --> 00:21:08,000 And to this day, Alcatraz looms large as a reminder of the two cunning convicts who were the first to break out of the rock. 176 00:21:14,000 --> 00:21:15,000 Chicago, Illinois. 177 00:21:16,000 --> 00:21:23,000 The third largest city in the United States sits on the southwestern shores of majestic Lake Michigan. 178 00:21:24,000 --> 00:21:32,000 And near the lake on Chicago's south side, within a 500 acre oasis named Jackson Park, is a most imposing figure. 179 00:21:33,000 --> 00:21:40,000 In her right hand, she holds a globe with an eagle perched on top of it. In her left hand, she holds a long staff. 180 00:21:41,000 --> 00:21:47,000 Cast in bronze and covered in gold leaf, this is the statue of the Republic. 181 00:21:48,000 --> 00:21:57,000 Standing 24 feet high, this golden lady is a replica of a statue that towered over one of the biggest celebrations of the 19th century. 182 00:21:58,000 --> 00:22:07,000 But as filmmaker John Borowski can attest, all was not well at the joyous celebration that this spectacular sculpture memorializes. 183 00:22:07,000 --> 00:22:13,000 This figure is connected to one of the most bizarre murder stories in American history. 184 00:22:14,000 --> 00:22:18,000 What disturbing events transpired in the shadow of this statue. 185 00:22:22,000 --> 00:22:32,000 May 1893. An epic event is underway. The world's Columbian Exposition, better known as the Chicago World's Fair. 186 00:22:32,000 --> 00:22:40,000 1893 World's Fair was unparalleled at the time. You felt like you were in another world or another country. 187 00:22:41,000 --> 00:22:49,000 And reigning over it all is the spectacular statue of the Republic, commissioned and unveiled in honor of the Expo. 188 00:22:50,000 --> 00:22:58,000 The scope of the fair was so huge that it had over 20 million visitors when the entire population of America was just over 70 million. 189 00:22:59,000 --> 00:23:05,000 Every businessman in Chicago is looking to cash in on the throngs of visitors to the fair. 190 00:23:07,000 --> 00:23:16,000 And none more so than the owner of the building on 63rd and Wallace, who decides to transform his property into the World's Fair Hotel. 191 00:23:17,000 --> 00:23:23,000 It had over 71 rooms, three floors. It was so huge that the residents called it the castle. 192 00:23:24,000 --> 00:23:33,000 The owner of the building was Dr. H.H. Holmes, who was a very charming man and women loved him because of his charismatic personality. 193 00:23:34,000 --> 00:23:45,000 For the six months that the fair is open, Holmes entices scores of guests to his hotel, predominantly young single women from around the country. 194 00:23:46,000 --> 00:23:54,000 And to help manage his thriving business, Holmes enlists an assistant, Benjamin Pitzel. 195 00:23:55,000 --> 00:23:59,000 Benjamin Pitzel was Holmes' right-hand man. He was really his henchman. 196 00:24:00,000 --> 00:24:14,000 But after the fair ends in October of 1893, the hotel shuts down and Holmes mysteriously disappears, only to resurface under the strangest of circumstances. 197 00:24:16,000 --> 00:24:21,000 Fall 1894, Philadelphia. 198 00:24:22,000 --> 00:24:27,000 Police are summoned to a patent office where they make a shocking discovery. 199 00:24:29,000 --> 00:24:32,000 A grossly disfigured and charred dead body. 200 00:24:34,000 --> 00:24:41,000 The body is so badly burned that the only source of identification is an unusual flaw on the man's skin. 201 00:24:41,000 --> 00:24:49,000 Investigators discover that the man renting the patent office is Benjamin Pitzel, who has a distinctive wart on his neck. 202 00:24:50,000 --> 00:25:04,000 The police immediately suspect murder. And when they discover that Pitzel used to work for a man named Dr. H.H. Holmes, they track down the elusive businessman in Boston and bring him in for questioning. 203 00:25:05,000 --> 00:25:15,000 And even though Holmes strongly denies any connection to Pitzel's murder, his evasive answers lead them to suspect that he knows more than he is letting on. 204 00:25:16,000 --> 00:25:27,000 Hoping to find evidence that will link Holmes to Pitzel's murder, detectives descend on Holmes' now defunct business in Chicago, the World's Fair Hotel. 205 00:25:28,000 --> 00:25:34,000 But they have no idea what horrors await them inside Holmes' lair. 206 00:25:39,000 --> 00:25:41,000 It's 1895, Chicago. 207 00:25:42,000 --> 00:25:52,000 Police investigating the death of Benjamin Pitzel are led to an abandoned hotel, formally run by Pitzel's enigmatic boss, one H.H. Holmes. 208 00:25:53,000 --> 00:25:56,000 So what gruesome discoveries await them within? 209 00:25:58,000 --> 00:26:07,000 They find things like secret passageways, trap doors. They're shocked because these aren't things you would normally see in a hotel. 210 00:26:08,000 --> 00:26:26,000 There's even a walk-in vault that is connected to a gas pipe. And in the basement is a dissection table stained with what appears to be blood, a furnace that doubles as a crematorium, and most ghastly of all, human remains. 211 00:26:27,000 --> 00:26:32,000 They finally realize that Holmes basically designed this building for disposing of human bodies. 212 00:26:34,000 --> 00:26:45,000 The hotel was a killing ground for the depraved doctor, with the many female guests who stayed there during the World's Fair, falling helplessly into his grasp. 213 00:26:46,000 --> 00:26:56,000 In 1893, there was no telephone, there was no internet. So women would go to the World's Fair telling their relatives they're off to see the fair, and they would never return. 214 00:26:57,000 --> 00:27:01,000 In the end, it was months before they were actually listed or reported as missing. 215 00:27:03,000 --> 00:27:18,000 Police surmise that once Holmes had selected his victim, he would lock her inside an airtight chamber designed to look like a regular hotel room. Then, he would release legal gas that he controlled from his apartment. 216 00:27:19,000 --> 00:27:25,000 So he would gas visitors, steal their money and valuables, and sell their skeletons to medical schools or universities. 217 00:27:27,000 --> 00:27:37,000 After being sentenced to the death penalty for the murder of Benjamin Pitzel on May 7th, 1896, Dr. Henry Howard Holmes is hanged. 218 00:27:38,000 --> 00:27:46,000 In the end, Holmes confessed to a total of 27 murders, but some believe the count could be as high as 200. 219 00:27:47,000 --> 00:27:58,000 Holmes earns the distinction of being America's first documented serial killer. He was a sociopath who lured victims into his web of deceit and murdered them. 220 00:27:59,000 --> 00:28:11,000 And today, this statue, known as the Golden Lady, stands as a monument to the Chicago World's Fair, and a dark reminder of the heinous crimes committed in its shadow. 221 00:28:12,000 --> 00:28:26,000 Seattle, Washington. The largest city in the Pacific Northwest is known for its iconic space needle, rising more than 600 feet into the sky. 222 00:28:27,000 --> 00:28:35,000 But just on the horizon, 54 miles southeast of Seattle looms a landmark that reigns supreme. 223 00:28:36,000 --> 00:28:42,000 It towers in a singular spot with its beauty and its majesty. 224 00:28:43,000 --> 00:28:55,000 This is Mount Rainier, topped by two volcanic craters and an astonishing 26 glaciers. This celebrated mountain attracts visitors from all over the world. 225 00:28:56,000 --> 00:29:07,000 But as culture critic Robert Horton can attest, few people know about the bizarre encounter that took place over these snowy peaks a half century ago. 226 00:29:08,000 --> 00:29:14,000 It is a mystery that absolutely captivated the world, and it changed the way we think about the unknown. 227 00:29:16,000 --> 00:29:22,000 So what strange events unfolded in the skies above Mount Rainier? 228 00:29:23,000 --> 00:29:33,000 June 24, 1947. Mineral Washington. It's a clear summer day in the rugged northwest region of Washington state. 229 00:29:36,000 --> 00:29:42,000 At 3 p.m., private pilot Kenneth Arnold is flying at 9,200 feet near Mount Rainier. 230 00:29:43,000 --> 00:29:50,000 When he sees something odd, a series of bright flashes just north of the mountain. 231 00:29:51,000 --> 00:29:58,000 Kenneth Arnold wanted to make sure that it wasn't some kind of distortion or anything like that. He rolls down his window for a better look. 232 00:30:00,000 --> 00:30:03,000 And Arnold is astonished by what he sees next. 233 00:30:04,000 --> 00:30:10,000 A formation of nine shiny disks flying south towards Mount Adams at an incredible speed. 234 00:30:12,000 --> 00:30:16,000 When the objects tilt, they give off an almost blinding glare. 235 00:30:19,000 --> 00:30:28,000 After losing track of them, Arnold lands his plane and begins to wonder, what exactly did he see up there in the skies around the mountain? 236 00:30:29,000 --> 00:30:33,000 He was a very rational, sensible guy, and so he's trying to figure out what could it count for this. 237 00:30:34,000 --> 00:30:40,000 Back at the landing strip, he relates his experience to his fellow airmen, who are equally confounded. 238 00:30:43,000 --> 00:30:49,000 As word of the bizarre sighting spreads, Arnold is asked by a local newspaper to share his story. 239 00:30:50,000 --> 00:30:54,000 He tells them that I just saw something that was very, very hard to explain. 240 00:30:55,000 --> 00:31:07,000 And in particular, he used this turn of phrase. He talked about how they were moving as though if you took a saucer and skipped it across the top of the water, they had that kind of funny sort of movement. 241 00:31:07,000 --> 00:31:14,000 And from Arnold's description of the objects, the press coins the term flying saucer. 242 00:31:15,000 --> 00:31:25,000 There is something about that phrase that completely captivated the entire country, and from that moment became part of the public lexicon. They were flying saucers. 243 00:31:26,000 --> 00:31:33,000 Within weeks, the story takes on a life of its own, as a host of other strange sightings are reported. 244 00:31:34,000 --> 00:31:40,000 There was a United Airlines flight out of Boise that saw between five and nine flying objects. 245 00:31:41,000 --> 00:31:46,000 And in that case, there were more than one person that saw them. There was the pilot and also some of the flight staff. 246 00:31:47,000 --> 00:31:51,000 So what are these unidentified flying objects? 247 00:31:52,000 --> 00:32:04,000 It's summer, 1947. Kenneth Arnold, a private pilot flying over Mount Rainier, has spotted a series of disc-like objects in the sky. 248 00:32:05,000 --> 00:32:11,000 As more and more of these mysterious sightings occur, authorities begin to fear they may be harbingers of war. 249 00:32:12,000 --> 00:32:18,000 Is this the beginning of an aerial assault on the United States, or something altogether more threatening? 250 00:32:21,000 --> 00:32:26,000 With the Cold War brewing, many believe these objects are some kind of secret Russian weapon. 251 00:32:27,000 --> 00:32:32,000 The possibility that the Soviets might have spy planes overlooking the United States was always in people's minds. 252 00:32:33,000 --> 00:32:40,000 But there was something about the way the objects moved that makes Arnold doubt that the Soviets are involved. 253 00:32:41,000 --> 00:32:50,000 He estimates that the objects were traveling over 1200 miles per hour, making them three times faster than any aircraft known to man. 254 00:32:51,000 --> 00:32:56,000 So if the flying saucers weren't man-made, where did they come from? 255 00:32:58,000 --> 00:33:05,000 By process of illumination, you come to the point where nothing else could move like that, nothing else could move that fast, and nothing else could be shaped like that. 256 00:33:06,000 --> 00:33:09,000 It is probably something of extraterrestrial origin. 257 00:33:11,000 --> 00:33:16,000 As speculation runs rampant, the U.S. military launches an investigation. 258 00:33:17,000 --> 00:33:24,000 And on July 12, three weeks after Kenneth Arnold's sighting, officials hold a meeting with a pilot. 259 00:33:25,000 --> 00:33:29,000 They're trying to find absolutely rock solid explanation of what he might have seen up there. 260 00:33:30,000 --> 00:33:35,000 After hours of interrogation, they believe they have finally determined a plausible cause. 261 00:33:36,000 --> 00:33:41,000 They came to the conclusion that what he saw was probably a mirage. 262 00:33:41,000 --> 00:33:46,000 A mirage is an optical illusion caused by atmospheric conditions. 263 00:33:47,000 --> 00:33:56,000 In this case, the varying temperatures between Mount Rainier's deep valleys and high peaks could have caused light to distort in unusual ways. 264 00:33:58,000 --> 00:34:03,000 But what about the myriad of other strange sightings reported across the U.S.? 265 00:34:04,000 --> 00:34:11,000 Some believe that anxiety over the Cold War sparked a mass hysteria, causing people to mistake otherwise innocuous atmospheric phenomena for alien spacecraft. 266 00:34:13,000 --> 00:34:18,000 But whatever the cause of the incident, there is no doubt of its enduring impact on popular culture. 267 00:34:19,000 --> 00:34:28,000 There's actually no question that the Kenneth Arnold sighting was the dawn of the flying saucer age, and people have been seeing them or thinking they see them. 268 00:34:28,000 --> 00:34:33,000 And today, the millions of visitors to Mount Rainier can marvel at the beauty of this spectacular volcano. 269 00:34:34,000 --> 00:34:39,000 But can also be reminded of how a singular event in the skies above forever changed our perception of the unknown. 270 00:34:43,000 --> 00:34:44,000 Washington, D.C. 271 00:34:46,000 --> 00:34:51,000 The country that has been the most beautiful country in the world has been the most beautiful country in the world. 272 00:34:52,000 --> 00:34:53,000 Washington, D.C. 273 00:34:56,000 --> 00:35:07,000 The country's capital is packed with over 160 museums and memorials, each one marking a triumphant chapter in our proud nation's story. 274 00:35:11,000 --> 00:35:18,000 But near the center of town stands a stately brick building that witnessed one of America's most tragic events. 275 00:35:18,000 --> 00:35:24,000 It is an 1860s style building converted into a 2,400 seat theater. 276 00:35:25,000 --> 00:35:31,000 It became a place of infamy when one of our most beloved presidents was gunned down there. 277 00:35:32,000 --> 00:35:34,000 This is Ford's Theater. 278 00:35:34,000 --> 00:35:41,000 The event that took place here 150 years ago and its aftermath are seared into the national consciousness. 279 00:35:42,000 --> 00:35:48,000 But historian Nathaniel Orlowek believes the history books might have gotten it wrong. 280 00:35:49,000 --> 00:35:53,000 It's very important that history be accurate, that we know what really happened. 281 00:35:54,000 --> 00:36:02,000 So what's the real story behind the fate of the man who killed America's most beloved president? 282 00:36:04,000 --> 00:36:06,000 April, 1865. 283 00:36:07,000 --> 00:36:14,000 The civil war is over, but while much of the nation is celebrating, one man is bent on revenge. 284 00:36:15,000 --> 00:36:25,000 Stage actor and Southern sympathizer John Wilkes Booth blames President Abraham Lincoln for the demise of the Confederacy and is plotting his murder. 285 00:36:28,000 --> 00:36:35,000 And on April 14th, learning that Lincoln will be attending a show at Ford's Theater, Booth spies his chance. 286 00:36:36,000 --> 00:36:48,000 At 10.13 p.m. John Wilkes Booth creeps into the presidential box, puts a derringer to the back of the president's head and pulls the trigger. 287 00:36:51,000 --> 00:36:57,000 In the ensuing chaos, the famous actor manages to slip out the back door and flee the city. 288 00:36:58,000 --> 00:37:03,000 The gravely wounded president survives the night, but tragically dies the next morning. 289 00:37:06,000 --> 00:37:13,000 The story goes that 12 days after the murder, Union troops track Booth to a barn in Northern Virginia. 290 00:37:15,000 --> 00:37:19,000 The soldiers try to flush him out by setting the barn on fire. 291 00:37:20,000 --> 00:37:29,000 But when Booth refuses to surrender, they take aim and fatally shoot him in the neck. 292 00:37:30,000 --> 00:37:37,000 The body of America's most reviled citizen is buried in the Booth family plot in Baltimore. 293 00:37:38,000 --> 00:37:45,000 But while this version of events is generally accepted as being true, is it really what happened? 294 00:37:46,000 --> 00:37:50,000 Many people believe that the history books were wrong. 295 00:37:51,000 --> 00:37:55,000 So what did happen to the country's most notorious assassin? 296 00:37:55,000 --> 00:38:04,000 The story picks up 12 years after Lincoln's assassination in the small town of Granbury, Texas. 297 00:38:05,000 --> 00:38:16,000 One day in 1877, Finest Bates, a local attorney, is summoned to the bedside of his client, John St. Helen, who appears gravely ill. 298 00:38:17,000 --> 00:38:20,000 It's there he hears an extraordinary claim. 299 00:38:20,000 --> 00:38:26,000 He said to him, I want to confess who I really am. 300 00:38:27,000 --> 00:38:34,000 I'm really John Wilkes Booth, the assassin President Lincoln. 301 00:38:35,000 --> 00:38:40,000 It's 1877 in Granbury, Texas. 302 00:38:41,000 --> 00:38:49,000 A local attorney named Finest Bates has been called to the bedside of his client, John St. Helen, who is gravely ill. 303 00:38:50,000 --> 00:38:53,000 It's there that he hears an extraordinary claim. 304 00:38:54,000 --> 00:38:59,000 The sick man says that he is really John Wilkes Booth, the assassin of President Lincoln. 305 00:39:00,000 --> 00:39:02,000 But how could this possibly be true? 306 00:39:05,000 --> 00:39:11,000 The man tells an incredulous Bates what really happened that fateful night back in 1865. 307 00:39:12,000 --> 00:39:21,000 He claims that he managed to escape the barn and that the man who was shot down by Union troops was actually one of Booth's accomplices. 308 00:39:22,000 --> 00:39:27,000 Though dubious at first, Bates eventually comes to believe this incredible tale. 309 00:39:28,000 --> 00:39:33,000 Why would anybody want to claim that he was an assassin of a president? 310 00:39:33,000 --> 00:39:47,000 After making this extraordinary statement, the invalid makes an unexpected recovery and soon leaves town, leaving a stunned Bates to ponder the curious confession. 311 00:39:48,000 --> 00:39:50,000 And for 26 years it just was out of his mind. 312 00:39:51,000 --> 00:39:55,000 And then suddenly something happened to bring it very much back to the forefront. 313 00:39:56,000 --> 00:40:07,000 Over two decades later, in January 1903, Bates is contacted by officials in Enid, Oklahoma. 314 00:40:08,000 --> 00:40:16,000 A man named David E. George has passed away and papers he carried request that Bates be summoned upon his death. 315 00:40:16,000 --> 00:40:24,000 It says, contact Mr. Finest L. Bates. He knows who I really am. 316 00:40:27,000 --> 00:40:38,000 When the lawyer arrives, he immediately recognizes his former client. It's John St. Helen, the man who had claimed to be John Wilkes Booth all those years ago. 317 00:40:39,000 --> 00:40:48,000 Bates realized that he knew something that was an enormous key to history and he had an obligation to get the truth out. 318 00:40:49,000 --> 00:41:03,000 Bates publishes an account of the matter, including compelling evidence that John Wilkes Booth and St. Helen bore a striking resemblance to each other and even had identical physical scars. 319 00:41:03,000 --> 00:41:11,000 He spends the rest of his life advocating this shocking twist on history, but his claims fall largely on deaf ears. 320 00:41:14,000 --> 00:41:21,000 But could Bates actually be right? Did John Wilkes Booth really escape justice? 321 00:41:24,000 --> 00:41:32,000 Nearly a century later, with the advent of DNA testing, it may finally be possible to solve this mystery once and for all. 322 00:41:33,000 --> 00:41:37,000 And now we have the possibility of proving it one way or the other. 323 00:41:39,000 --> 00:41:48,000 But efforts to exhume Booth's body have met fierce resistance and without a viable DNA sample, the test cannot be performed. 324 00:41:49,000 --> 00:41:54,000 So the truth behind what really happened to John Wilkes Booth will have to wait. 325 00:41:55,000 --> 00:42:08,000 And until then, visitors to Ford's Theatre can behold the sight where a president was gunned down by a vengeful assassin and wonder was justice ever really served. 326 00:42:13,000 --> 00:42:22,000 From a teenage vampire to a conniving conman, a house of horrors to the first lying saucers. 327 00:42:22,000 --> 00:42:27,000 I'm Don Wildman and these are Monumental Mysteries.